Objectives This work aims to study the gastrointestinal (GI) symptoms in severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2)-infected patients and the susceptibility factors of the stomach for SARS-CoV-2. Materials and Methods We investigated the SARS-CoV-2 susceptibility by analyzing the expression distribution of viral entry-associated genes, ACE2 and TMPRSS2, in single-cell RNA sequencing data derived from 12 gastric mucosa samples. We also analyzed the epidemiological, demographic, clinical, and laboratory data of 420 cases with SARS-CoV-2-caused coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). ResultsACE2 and TMPRSS2 are specifically expressed in enterocytes which are mainly from gastric mucosa samples with Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection history and intestinal metaplasia (IM). A total of 420 patients were surveyed, of which 62 were with and 358 were without GI symptoms. There is a significant difference in average hospital stay (p less then 0.001) and cost (p less then 0.001) between the two groups. Among 23 hospitalized patients including seven with upper GI symptoms and 16 with lower GI symptoms, six (85.7%) and five (31.3%) had H. pylori infection history, respectively (p = 0.03). Of 18 hospitalized patients with initial upper GI symptoms, none of the eight patients with mucosal protective agent therapy (e.g., sucralfate suspension gel, hydrotalcite tablets) had diarrhea subsequently, whereas six out of 10 patients without mucosal protective agent therapy had diarrhea subsequently (p = 0.01). Conclusion IM and H. pylori infection history may be susceptibility factors of SARS-CoV-2, and the mucosal protective agent may be useful for the blockade of SARS-CoV-2 transmission from the stomach to the intestine.Frailty reflects a decreased reserve in multiple systems resulting from cumulative decline. Frailty markers should be identified as early as possible to attenuate the loss of reserve. The aim of this study was to identify potentially modifiable correlates of frailty in relatively healthy older adults. Volunteers (n = 122) were recruited from local councils and, based on gender and age, were divided into one group of men aged 77.0 (±5.3), and two groups of women, aged 68.8 (±3.6) and aged 78.4 (±3.4). Frailty was assessed by a Frailty Index. The examined correlates were physical activity, physical fitness (predicted peak VO2), sleep quality, oxidative stress (hydrogen peroxide-H2O2) and depression. Both groups of women had poor scores on physical fitness compared to women's norms. In order to examine the contribution of each of the potential correlates to explaining the variance of frailty, stepwise regressions were performed for each group separately. Based on the results, none of the suggested correlates significantly explained the variability of frailty in the men. In the younger-aged women, predicted peak VO2 and sleep quality explained 22.4% of the variability of frailty. In the older women, Body Mass Index (BMI), oxidative stress and sleep quality explained 34.9% of the variance. It is possible that increased aerobic fitness and interventions for improving sleep quality in older, seemingly healthy women will slow down the frailty process. Further research is needed to assess potential correlates of frailty, and to initiate suitable interventions to mitigate the signs of frailty at an early stage.For a proper assessment of osteoporotic fragility fracture prediction, all aspects regarding bone mineral density, bone texture, geometry and information about strength are necessary, particularly in endocrinological and rheumatological diseases, where bone quality impairment is relevant. Data regarding bone quantity (density) and, partially, bone quality (structure and geometry) are obtained by the gold standard method of dual X-ray absorptiometry (DXA). Data about bone strength are not yet readily available. To evaluate bone resistance to strain, a new DXA-derived index based on the Finite Element Analysis (FEA) of a greyscale of density distribution measured on spine and femoral scan, namely Bone Strain Index (BSI), has recently been developed. Bone Strain Index includes local information on density distribution, bone geometry and loadings and it differs from bone mineral density (BMD) and other variables of bone quality like trabecular bone score (TBS), which are all based on the quantification of bone mass and distribution averaged over the scanned region. This state of the art review illustrates the methodology of BSI calculation, the findings of its in reproducibility and the preliminary data about its capability to predict fragility fracture and to monitor the follow up of the pharmacological treatment for osteoporosis.The outbreak of coronavirus disease of 2019 (COVID-19) has become a global public health and economic crisis. The advent of hypercoagulability and thrombotic complications can substantially influence the prognosis of COVID-19 patients. In this review, we elaborate on the clinical findings, potential underlying pathogenesis, and therapeutic strategy of hypercoagulability and thromboembolism in COVID-19, particularly focusing on the COVID-19 patients with preexisting digestive hypercoagulability disease.Radiation-induced pulmonary fibrosis is a common severe long-time complication of radiation therapy for tumors of the thorax. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/yo-01027.html Current therapeutic options used in the clinic include only supportive managements strategies, such as anti-inflammatory treatment using steroids, their efficacy, however, is far from being satisfactory. Recent studies have demonstrated that the development of lung fibrosis is a dynamic and complex process, involving the release of reactive oxygen species, activation of Toll-like receptors, recruitment of inflammatory cells, excessive production of nitric oxide and production of collagen by activated myofibroblasts. In this review we summarized the current state of knowledge on the pathophysiological processes leading to the development of lung fibrosis and we also discussed the possible treatment options.The impact of vaccine hesitancy on childhood immunization in low- and middle-income countries remains largely uncharacterized. This study describes the sociodemographic patterns of vaccine hesitancy in Chandigarh, India. Mothers of children 97% of mothers thought childhood vaccines were important, effective, and were a good way to protect against disease. However, many preferred their child to receive fewer co-administered vaccines (69%), and were concerned about side effects (39%). Compared to the "other caste" group, scheduled castes or scheduled tribes had 3.48 times greater odds of vaccine hesitancy (95% CI 1.52, 7.99). Those with a high school education had 0.10 times the odds of vaccine hesitancy compared to those with less education (95% CI 0.02, 0.61). Finally, those having more antenatal care visits were less vaccine hesitant (?4 vs. less then 4 visits OR 0.028, 95% CI 0.1, 0.76). As India adds more vaccines to its Universal Immunization Program, consideration should be given to addressing maternal concerns about vaccination, in particular about adverse events and co-administration of multiple vaccines.